What Is Buddhist Tantra?
by Lynne Heckert

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Articles:  About Meditation    Insight Meditation     Buddhist Tantra

The term "tantra" means "interconnectedness."  It is sometimes called "The Resultant Vehicle" because it teaches the practitioner to visualize the desired results.  Tantra emerged in Sixth Century India where it was incorporated by some into Buddhist practice.  It was brought to Tibet where it developed in a Tibetan framework and became a basic part of Vajrayana, or Tibetan Buddhist practice.  Tantric practices include many systems of visualization, mantra and other skillful means. 

Today, Buddhist tantric practice usually consists of two stages, "the generation" stage, wherein one visualizes ones self as a buddha or diety with all the attributes of that  enlightened being, and the "completion" stage, which is often based on some variant of the Inner Heat Yoga, a practice of managing energy flow in the body in order to  support the non-dual awareness needed for enlightenment. 

When one decides to become a  "Tantric Buddhist practitioner," one  gets initiation from a teacher of a specific Tantric tradition and is given , or chooses,  a certain deity with which to identify as well as specific mantras and other practices.  But one NEED NOT BE A TIBETAN TANTRIC PRACTITIONER to utilize the basic techniques of Tantra  in one's meditational armamentarium. These practices, which show up in many traditions in one form or another,  are frequently couched in ancient terminology  but certainly analogues can be found in modern psychology's creative visualization, and modern medicine's anatomy and physiology.    Why can Tantra improve our meditation?  Because the mind and body must both be addressed for practice to be successful. Only an integrated and balanced body-mind, one free of psychophysical knots and tension, can support the crystal clear awareness needed in all types of meditation.


Visualizing Oneself as a Deity

In this exercise, we deconstruct our ordinary selves, and then reconstruct ourselves as an enlightened being, with the associated self-esteem, wisdom, compassion, blissful peacefulness, and so forth. We imagine that we are what we wish to become. For instance, we can visualize a buddha, a goddess, or any enlightened deity. We see ourselves as that being, in the center of a mandala, or sacred circle, surrounded by beauty and in the company of other enlightened beings. This is usually done by visualizing the enlightened being in front of us.  Lights flow from him or her to us and then the deity merges with us and we take on the deity's attributes. Then we imagine our sacred surroundings.

Experiencing the Fundamental Nature of our Own Mind

The fundamental nature of our mind is clear and space-like.  Conventional ego mind tries to project other things onto this, but such projections are distorted and momentary.  In this type of visualization we can imagine our small ego-centered mind transforming into our clear, non-conceptual mind which expands in every direction and encompasses everything. Then we are everywhere at once; there is  no conceptualizing, no-self and other, just pure space/consciousness. We rest  in this for a while. Then we can imagine our space-selves solidifying and contracting and we become like a bar of light  We have form but no density.  Here we are starting to come back to the physical world, but we are different now, because we have experienced the non-dual mind.   In some versions of this visualization, we imaging that from this bar of light, we can reemerge into the world as our chosen deity. 


INNER FIRE YOGA

Inner Fire Yoga, or Tum-mo, is the basic method used in the advanced stage of most tantra systems.  When doing this practice, we will need to visualize our body in a certain way.  This is called the "Vajra Body" and incorporating it into our self-image  provides  a useful way to work with our bodily energies.  The structures visualized are not actually there when the body is autopsied. There are correlates with our physical bodies, yet that is only part of the picture.  When we close our eyes and feel our bodies, it is hard to deny that different parts of the body have different energies and feelings.  In any case, to do the practices, one needs to suspend disbelief and visualize the postulated structures and energies.  After extended practice, the visualizations become internalized and become  powerful tools for calming ourselves, connecting with the body and channeling energy.

Rationale:

As babies, we are born with blissful energy freely flowing throughout our entire body.  As we develop, this energy is inhibited by the traumas of life and  stored in our neuromuscular systems.  We no longer breathe freely and our muscles become distorted with tension and stored psychic and physical pain. Inner Fire Yoga teaches us a method to free up this trapped energy and use it to our advantage.

Inner Fire Yoga as a Way to Redirect the Energy of Anger, Sexual Desire and Other Emotions
:
If we look carefully at emotion, we find that an emotion is actually a energized physical sensation in one part of the body or another.  Thoughts are superimposed on these energies. The energy of emotion can scatter us, or we can learn to use it to center ourselves.  In Inner Fire Yoga,
  energy is generated and collected in the navel chakra and spread upward through the center of our body, centering and energizing us in a positive way.

Sexual desire and anger can be very useful.   Sexual energy in most adults is usually limited to the area of the sexual chakra.  When this energy is spread throughout the body,  it really isn't just sexual anymore.  It is a total body energized or "blissful" feeling. This is not the ordinary limited bliss of orgasm.  Sexual energy can be freed up and distributed throughout the body by moving it into the navel chakra and then doing the Inner Fire Yoga.  Anger is energy also, but the energy can be harmful.  In the inner fire yoga we can learn to take the energy of anger (usually felt in the solar plexus) and throw it also into the navel chakra as fuel.


Emptiness:

The "blissful" body is only half of the equation in Tantra. The other half is the indispensable understanding of  non-dual awareness, or "emptiness" (the mind free or empty of thoughts of "self and other"). The relaxed and integrated body that can be cultivated through Tantra is used  as a support for the "empty" mind when practicing Mindfulness, Dzogchen, or really any, type of meditation.

VOCABULARY:

Chakras - Energy centers of the body that we postulate.  Certain energy centers correlate with certain feelings (e.g., grief is felt in the heart).
Channels - Pathways that connect the energy centers.  There are many, but we visualize three main ones. Our bodily energies flow along these pathways.
Drops - Little packages of consciousness/energy that flow through the channels.  We postulate these, place our awareness on them and this stimulates energy in that area of the body. (Variously called drops, tigle, kundalini energy.)
Psychophysical knots - Areas of  the body which are hardened or tense due to stored emotional or physical trauma. A knot is visualized as a crinkled or twisted channel in the area where it meets a chakra. Usually the heart chakra has the biggest knot problem.


Very short outline of Inner Fire Yoga:
1. Nine breathings (to settle the body and mind);
2. Picturing oneself as a hollow body;
3. The Six Hatha Yoga Exercises to free up the body's energy.
4.
Visualization of the "Vajra Body" (illustrated above);
5. Generation of energy in the navel chakra;
6. Moving the energy up and down the central channel (in various ways) producing a total-body  "bliss."

7. Application of the non-dual mind. This  "bliss" produced by the above method is a bodily state of relaxed  focused clear consciousness that is very conducive to the state of  Non-dual Awareness emphasized in some lineages of Insight meditation,  Dzogchen (where it is referred to as "Rigpa" or The Natural State"), Highest  Yoga Tantra,  (Where it is referred to as 'The Union of "Bliss and Emptiness,"  "Method and  Wisdom," "Male and Female," or  Mahamudra);
8.Use of mantra or sound.  After we have attained this state of mind and body which is free of                    conceptualizing and thoughts, we can use mantra to "fill the vacuum"  that is left and keep the  old patterns from  creeping back into consciousness.  Always appropriate is the mantra of Shakyamuni Buddha:


OM MU NE MU NE MA HA MU NA YE SO HA

Lynne Heckert, 1999

BUDDHIST CHANNELS, CHAKRAS, MANTRIC SOUNDS FOR INNER FIRE YOGA


Crown chakra
AH



Throat chakra
OM



Heart chakra

HUNG



Navel chakra
(Little) Ah



Sexual (secret) chakra